1. What is Equilibrium Concentration?

Equilibrium concentration is the concentration of a chemical species when a reaction has reached equilibrium. It's calculated using the initial concentration and the change that occurs as the system approaches equilibrium.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the equilibrium concentration formula:

Where:

• \( [species] \) — Equilibrium concentration (M)
• \( initial \) — Initial concentration before reaction (M)
• \( change \) — Change in concentration as reaction proceeds (M)

Explanation: The equation accounts for the stoichiometric changes that occur as a chemical system approaches equilibrium.

3. Importance of Equilibrium Calculation

Details: Calculating equilibrium concentrations is essential for understanding reaction dynamics, predicting product yields, and designing chemical processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial concentration in molarity (M), change in concentration (M) which can be positive or negative depending on whether the species is a reactant or product.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is an ICE table?
A: ICE stands for Initial, Change, Equilibrium - a systematic way to organize concentration data for equilibrium calculations.

Q2: Can the change be negative?
A: Yes, for reactants the change is typically negative (concentration decreases), while for products it's positive.

Q3: What units should I use?
A: The calculator uses molarity (M) for all concentration values.

Q4: Does this work for gas phase equilibria?
A: Yes, though gas concentrations are often expressed in partial pressures instead.

Q5: How precise should my inputs be?
A: Use 3-4 significant figures for most practical applications.