1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation (C₁V₁ = C₂V₂) describes how the concentration of a solution changes when it's diluted with solvent. It's based on the principle of conservation of mass - the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (M)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (mL)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration (M)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (mL)

Explanation: The equation shows that the product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume after dilution.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry, biology, medicine, and many industrial processes where precise concentrations are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all three values (initial concentration, initial volume, and final volume) in the appropriate units. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different units for volume?
A: Yes, as long as both volumes use the same units (both mL or both L), the calculation will work correctly.

Q2: What if I want to find the volume needed for a specific dilution?
A: Rearrange the equation to solve for your desired variable. For example, \( V_1 = (C_2 \times V_2)/C_1 \).

Q3: Does this work for serial dilutions?
A: For serial dilutions, you need to perform the calculation for each step in the series and multiply the dilution factors.

Q4: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The equation assumes perfect mixing and no chemical reactions between solute and solvent. It works best for dilute solutions.

Q5: Can I use this for percent solutions?
A: Yes, but make sure to keep concentration units consistent (e.g., all % w/v or all % v/v).