1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation \( C_1 \times V_1 = C_2 \times V_2 \) describes the relationship between concentrations and volumes before and after a dilution. It's based on the principle of conservation of mass - the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration (mol/L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The calculator automatically determines which variable to calculate based on which field is left empty or set to zero.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in laboratory work, pharmaceutical preparations, and chemical manufacturing to achieve desired concentrations of solutions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter any three known values (leaving one field empty or zero) to calculate the fourth value. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different concentration units?
A: Yes, but all concentrations must be in the same units, and all volumes must be in the same units for the calculation to be valid.

Q2: What if I need to make a serial dilution?
A: For serial dilutions, apply the equation sequentially for each dilution step.

Q3: Does this work for percent solutions?
A: Yes, as long as you're consistent with units (e.g., % w/v for all concentrations).

Q4: How precise are these calculations?
A: The calculations are mathematically precise, but real-world results depend on measurement accuracy and technique.

Q5: Can I use this for non-chemical dilutions?
A: The equation works for any situation where concentration is being reduced by adding solvent, including biological and food science applications.