1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula (C1V1 = C2V2) is a fundamental equation in chemistry that relates the concentrations and volumes of a solution before and after dilution. It's based on the principle of mass conservation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (molarity)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration after dilution
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution

Explanation: The product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume, as the amount of solute remains constant during dilution.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing solutions of desired concentrations in laboratories, pharmaceutical preparations, and industrial processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter any three known values to calculate the fourth unknown. All values must be positive numbers. Concentrations are in molarity (M) and volumes in liters (L).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different units for concentration and volume?
A: Yes, but all concentrations must use the same units, and all volumes must use the same units for the calculation to be valid.

Q2: Does this formula work for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, but each dilution step must be calculated separately in a serial dilution.

Q3: What if I need to prepare a specific volume?
A: Calculate the required amount of stock solution (V1) using the formula V1 = (C2 × V2)/C1.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically exact, but actual results depend on measurement precision and technique.

Q5: Can this be used for non-aqueous solutions?
A: Yes, as long as the solute remains unchanged during dilution, the formula applies to any solvent.